Islamic Year ,Four sacred months and Muharram

About Islamic Year and Four sacred Month and later Moharram(Ashura')

Volume 4, Book 54, Number 419 :

Narrated by Abu Bakra

The Prophet said. "(The division of time has turned to its original form which was current when Allah created the Heavens and the Earths. The year is of twelve months, out of which four months are sacred: Three are in succession Dhul-Qa' da, Dhul-Hijja and Muharram, and (the fourth is) Rajab of (the tribe of) Mudar which comes between Jumadi-ath-Thaniyah and Sha ban."

1. MUHARRAM
2. SAFAR
3. RABI-AL-AWWAL
4. RABI-AL-THANI
5. JUMADA-AL-AWWAL
6. JUMADA-AL-THANI
7. RAJAB
8. SHABAN
9. RAMADAN
10. SHAWWAL
11. ZUL-QAADAH
12. ZUL-HIJJAH

From last sermon of Muhammad PBUH:
With Allah the months are twelve in number. Four of them are holy, they are successive, except one occurs singly between the months of Jumada and Shaban [meaning Rajab].

Source:

From Holy Quran:

Surat At-Tawbah (The Repentance) - سورة التوبة

This is a portion of the entire surah. View more context, or the entire surah.

9:36

Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve [lunar] months in the register of Allah [from] the day He created the heavens and the earth; of these, four are sacred. That is the correct religion, so do not wrong yourselves during them. And fight against the disbelievers collectively as they fight against you collectively. And know that Allah is with the righteous [who fear Him].
http://quran.com/9/36

Ashura' commemorates the day that Allah saved the Children of Israel from Pharaoh
Fasting on Muharram 10, known as the Day of 'Ashura', expiates for the sins of the past year. When the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived in Madinah he found that the Jews there fasted on Muharram 10 and asked them the reason for their fasting on this day. They said," This is a blessed day. On this day Allah saved the Children of Israel from their enemy (in Egypt) and so Prophet Musa [Moses] fasted on this day giving thanks to Allah.

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said,
"We are closer to Musa than you are."

He fasted on that day and commanded Muslims to fast on this day. (Al-Bukhari) The following year, Allah commanded the Muslims to fast the month of Ramadan, and the fasting of 'Ashura' became optional. It is also reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) intended to fast on the ninth and tenth. Ibn 'Abbas reported: The Messenger of Allah fasted on the day of 'Ashura' and ordered the people to fast on it. The people said, "O Messenger of Allah, it is a day that the Jews and Christians honor." The Prophet said, "When the following year comes, Allah willing, we shall fast on the ninth." The death of the Prophet came before the following year. (Muslim and Abu Dawud)

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Islamic Year ,Four sacred months and Muharram